- Case counts (2016-2025), population estimates (2016-2023), & population projections (2024-2025): Public Health Ontario.
- Query: Case counts of reportable diseases by public health unit and year. Toronto, ON: Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion; extracted on March 9, 2026.
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.
It spreads through consuming contaminated food or water and can be spread from person to person.
Typhoid fever is not typically acquired in Ontario. It is associated with travel to southern Asia and other developing countries.
Proper hand hygiene and food preparation can help to prevent illness, as can immunization prior to travel to endemic areas.
Local Information
2025 Statistics
Incidence rate is the number of new cases of disease divided by the number of persons at risk for the disease during a particular time period.
Cases:
0*
Incidence rate per 100,000 in 2025: 0
*Includes confirmed cases in 2025.
Incidence rate per 100,000 of typhoid fever by year
More information about typhoid fever
Public Health Agency of Canada:
Report to the Health Unit within one business day by fax (705-482-0670) or phone at 705-474-1400 or toll free at 1-800-563-2808, ext. 5229 if typhoid fever is suspected or confirmed as per Ontario Regulation 135/18 and amendments under the Health Protection and Promotion Act, R.S.O., c.H.7.
Should one go to childcare, school, or work if they have typhoid fever?
Contact the Health Unit.
People who test positive for typhoid fever must be excluded from certain settings and job duties (i.e., food handling, healthcare, and childcare). Select people who are close contacts of someone with typhoid fever (i.e., members of a travel party, household members, and sexual partners) must also be excluded from these settings and jobs duties.
Follow the direction of your healthcare provider, public health case manager, or occupational health at your workplace.
Typhoid fever is preventable by vaccination and is recommended for individuals travelling to specific countries. Check your vaccination records or call the Vaccine Preventable Diseases program at 705-474-1400 or toll free at 1-800-563-2808, ext. 5237 if you are unable to view your vaccine record.
Refer to the travel vaccines information on our website for information on travel clinic services in the surrounding area.
Healthcare provider information
Typhoid immunization is recommended for most persons, two years of age and older, travelling to South Asia including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Refer to the typhoid vaccines chapter of the Canadian Immunization Guide for additional information.
Refer to the travel vaccines information on our website for information on travel clinic services in the surrounding area.
For routine culture and PCR information for enteric bacteria from fecal specimens see Public Health Ontario: Enteric Bacteria (including Salmonella, Shigella, STEC, Plesiomonas, Yersinia, Aeromonas, Vibrio, or Campylobacter) – Culture and PCR.
Infection prevention and control
Routine practices in addition to contact precautions are recommended for pediatric and incontinent or non-adherent adults with Typhoid fever. Refer to Public Health Ontario: Best Practices for Routine Practices and Additional Precautions for additional information.
Specific treatment is under the direction of the attending health care provider. Treatment may involve administration of antibiotics, and fluid and electrolyte replacement. Refer to Public Health Agency of Canada, For health professionals: Typhoid fever and Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Salmonella enterica spp. for more information.
Public Health Ontario:
Caring for Kids New to Canada:
Contact our Communicable Disease Control (CDC) program at 705-474-1400 or toll free at 1-800-563-2808, ext. 5229, or by email to cdc@healthunit.ca for more information.
Last updated: Aug 2026, by CDC