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Postpartum Mood Disorders

Mood and Anxiety Disorders During and After Pregnancy
HomeHealth TopicsMental HealthPostpartum Mood Disorders
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Welcome! You're not alone here.

An estimated one in five pregnant and postpartum people struggle with their mental health, but mood and anxiety changes during and after a pregnancy can affect anyone, including mothers, fathers, birth parents and partners.

Symptoms range from mild to severe and can be different for everyone. Be sure to talk to your health care provider about your mental health and well-being during prenatal and postnatal visits.

The good news is help is available, and when you reach out for support, it gets better.

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Baby Blues

Also known as postpartum blues, the baby blues happen within a couple of days after birth, and usually go away on their own within two weeks. Four in five birth parents will have the baby blues.  Partners can also experience emotional hardships. 

Symptoms may include:  

  • weepy periods and  mood swings 

  • irritability  

  • fatigue  

  • anxiety  

  • confusion  

  • appetite disturbances  

Reach out to your partner, family and friends for support, and take care of yourself by resting and eating healthy foods.  

If symptoms continue after two weeks, talk to your health care provider.

If you do not have health care provider, please visit a local walk-in clinic or access a virtual clinic.

Perinatal Mental Health Disorders

The perinatal period includes pregnancy, post-loss, and 12 months postpartum (source: PSI, 2023).

There are many different forms of mental health disorders you might experience during pregnancy and after the birth of a child. They may be mild, moderate or severe. 

Visit our Mental Health Services page or click the links provided above to find the support you need.

Perinatal Depression

Perinatal depression may start during pregnancy or any time up to one year after the birth of a child. One person's experience with perinatal depression may look different from another's.

Symptoms may include:

  • feelings of anger, sadness, irritability or guilt
  • lack of interest in your baby
  • changes in eating and sleeping habits
  • trouble concentrating
  • hopelessness
  • thoughts of harming your baby or yourself

Perinatal Anxiety

 Symptoms may include:
  • constant worry 

  • extreme worry and fears, often over the health and safety of your baby 

  • feeling something bad is going to happen 

  • racing thoughts 

  • disturbances in sleep & appetite 

  • panic attacks (shortness of breath, chest pain, a feeling of losing control) 

  • inability to sit still 

  • physical symptoms like dizziness, hot flashes and nausea 

Perinatal Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is a type of anxiety disorder. Perinatal OCD is when you experience OCD during pregnancy or in the first year after giving birth. 

Symptoms may include: 

  • obsessions, also called intrusive thoughts, are repetitive, upsetting thoughts or images 

  • compulsions,  the need to avoid triggers to certain things over and over  to reduce fears and obsessions (ie. needing to clean, check things many times, count or reorder things, etc.)

  • a sense of alarm about the obsessions 

  • fear of being left alone with infant 

  • hypervigilance in protecting infant 

Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD is a type of anxiety disorder, often caused by a traumatic or frightening childbirth or past trauma. 

Symptoms may include: 

  • flashbacks or nightmares of the trauma with feelings of anxiety  

  • avoidance of things related to the event 

  • persistent increased arousal (irritability, difficulty sleeping, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response) 

  • anxiety and panic attacks 

Postpartum Psychosis

Postpartum psychosis is a psychiatric emergency. Seek help immediately.The onset of postpartum psychosis is often sudden within the first two weeks after giving birth, but it can occur anytime in the first year. 

Symptoms may include: 

  • delusions or strange beliefs 

  • hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there) 

  • feeling very irritated 

  • severe depression or flat affect 

  • paranoia and suspiciousness 

  • rapid mood swings 

  • difficulty communicating at times 

This condition is rare but dangerous, so it is important to get professional help right away. 
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Fathers' Mental Health

Fathers and non-birthing parents can also experience mood changes during pregnancy and/or after the baby is born. Most symptoms of depression are the same for men and women, but they may look different for men. Some common symptoms of depression in men are: 

  • mood swings
  • anger and irritability
  • physical symptoms like headaches or fatigue 
  • hyperactive behaviour
Learn more.

What can you do? 

  • Don’t blame yourself 

  • Take care of yourself 

  • Take time for yourself 

  • Get counselling 

  • Consider medication 

  • Be patient. It takes time for recovery.

Get started. 
Take the first step toward feeling better by 
connecting with the care you deserve.

If you're having thoughts of suicide, or harm to self or others, call 911.

“I felt this wave of relief. Maybe I wasn’t overthinking this. Maybe I didn’t need to feel like this. I went to the doctor’s on Monday and was diagnosed with postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety.”

 - Ellen’s story, Stories of Hope - Let's Talk About It

What can family and friends do?

  • Listen and support their feelings.
  • Encourage them to seek professional help. 
  • Develop your relationship with the baby. 
  • Ask them how you can help. 
  • Educate yourself about perinatal mood disorders. 
  • Take some time for yourself. 
  • Find someone to talk to.  
  • Don’t take Perinatal Mood Disorder personally. It's not anyone’s fault. 

References

  • Best Start by Health Nexus. (2019). Life with a new baby is not always what you expect. https://resources.beststart.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/M03-E.pdf 

  • Best Start by Health Nexus. (2019). Pregnancy and life with a new baby is not always what you expect. https://resources.beststart.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/M07-B.pdf

  • KFL&A Public Health. (n.d.) Partners can also experience perinatal mood disorder. https://www.kflaph.ca/en/health-topics/perinatal-mood-disorder.aspx 

  • Perinatal Wellbeing Ontario. (n.d.) Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders (PMADs). https://www.perinatalwellbeing.ca/_files/ugd/a41248_dc665c5e2d6d4636a48014

  • Postpartum Support International 2023. Anxiety during pregnancy & postpartum. https://www.postpartum.net/learn-more/anxiety
  • Postpartum Support International. (2023). Bipolar mood disorders. https://www.postpartum.net/learn-more/bipolar-mood-disorders/
  • Postpartum Support International. (2023). We can help with perinatal mental health. https://www.postpartum.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2023_04-PSI-FactSheet-Helpseeker-Margin.pdf9844c43dd6.pdf

  • Postpartum Support International. (2023). Postpartum psychosis. https://www.postpartum.net/learn-more/postpartum-psychosis/
  • Postpartum Support International (2023). Pregnancy or postpartum obsessive symptoms. https://www.postpartum.net/learn-more/obsessive-symptoms/

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